[c] it would also provide the Hindu Marathas with a fellow Hindu sovereign in a region otherwise ruled by Muslims. [145], With the Marathas being accustomed to a land-based military, Shivaji widened his search for qualified crews for his ships, taking on lower-caste Hindus of the coast who were long familiar with naval operations (the famed "Malabar pirates") as well as Muslim mercenaries. [167], In the late 20th century, Babasaheb Purandare became one of the most significant artists in portraying Shivaji in his writings, leading him to be declared in 1964 as the Shiv-Shahir ("Bard of Shivaji"). [152] Contemporary English writers compared him with Alexander, Hannibal and Julius Caesar. Siddi Jauhar's army besieged Panhala in mid-1660, cutting off supply routes to the fort. [126] It consisted of eight ministers which regularly advised Shivaji on political and administrative matters. [87] Shivaji was descended from a line of headmen of farming villages, and the Brahmins accordingly categorised him as being of the shudra (cultivator) varna. Shivaji Bhonsale I was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. [115] There were also allegations, though doubted by later scholars, that his second wife Soyarabai had poisoned him in order to put her 10-year-old son Rajaram on the throne. Shahaji often changed his loyalty between the Nizamshahi of Ahmadnagar, the Adilshah of Bijapur and the Mughals, but always kept his jagir (fiefdom) at Pune and his small army. [145] Noting the power of the Portuguese navy, Shivaji hired a number of Portuguese sailors and Goan Christian converts, and made Rui Leitao Viegas commander of his fleet. Happy Shivaji Jayanti to all Marathi peoples sends good wishes to your friends and family on Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti which is celebrated on 19th February every year. His mother was Soyarabai. The initially promising negotiations were unsuccessful, so whilst returning to Raigad, Shivaji defeated his half-brother's army on 26 November 1677 and seized most of his possessions in the Mysore plateau. Venkoji's wife Dipa Bai, whom Shivaji deeply respected, took up new negotiations with Shivaji and also convinced her husband to distance himself from Muslim advisors. [143], Aware of the need for naval power to maintain control along the Konkan coast, Shivaji began to build his navy in 1657 or 1659, with the purchase of twenty galivats from the Portuguese shipyards of Bassein. His mother died when he was two years old and he was raised by his grandmother Jijabai (Shivaji Maharaj’s mother). [69], In the Treaty of Purandar, signed between Shivaji and Jai Singh on 11 June 1665, Shivaji agreed to give up 23 of his forts, keeping 12 for himself, and pay compensation of 400,000 gold hun to the Mughals. [28] Shivaji was taken to Bangalore where he, his elder brother Sambhaji, and his half brother Ekoji I were further formally trained. "[135], Shivaji demonstrated great skill in creating his military organisation, which lasted until the demise of the Maratha empire. [118], After Shivaji's death, Soyarabai made plans with various ministers of the administration to crown her son Rajaram rather than her stepson Sambhaji. If it is a temple, the bells are rung in yearning for God alone. [54], After the victory, a grand review was held by Shivaji below Pratapgarh. This perceived betrayal angered Shivaji, who in December would retaliate by plundering the English factory at Rajapur and capturing four of the factors, imprisoning them until mid-1663. [186], Indian king and founder of the Maratha Empire, Council of Eight Ministers (Ashta Pradhan Mandal), Based on multiple committees of historians and experts, the Government of Maharashtra accepts 19 February 1630 as his birthdate. [95] Total expenditure made for feeding the assemblage, general alms giving, throne and ornaments approached 5 million Rupees.
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